{"id":8775,"date":"2026-02-25T12:02:25","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T14:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/?post_type=product&p=8775"},"modified":"2026-02-25T12:12:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T14:12:34","slug":"johann-gottlieb-fichte","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/","title":{"rendered":"RINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105"},"content":{"rendered":"

Glaustai apie Ficht\u0117s filosofij\u0105<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vokie\u010di\u0173 klasikin\u0117s filosofijos atstovo Johanno Gottliebo Ficht\u0117s (1762\u20131814) darb\u0173 rinktin\u0117je spausdinami trys filosofiniai traktatai, sukurti ankstyvuoju jo k\u016brybos periodu: \u201eApie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, s\u0105vok\u0105\u201c (1794), \u201eBendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai\u201c (1795) ir \u201eApybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105\u201c (1795). Jie tarpusavyje glaud\u017eiai susij\u0119, vienas kit\u0105 papildo ir autenti\u0161kai reprezentuoja reik\u0161mingiausi\u0105 Ficht\u0117s k\u016brybos dal\u012f \u2013 vadinam\u0105j\u0105 mokslo teorij\u0105<\/em>, d\u0117l kurios jo vardas filosofijos istorijoje u\u017eima garbing\u0105 viet\u0105 \u0161alia toki\u0173 korif\u0117j\u0173 kaip Kantas, Schellingas ir Hegelis. Pats Fichte savo mokslo teorij\u0105 traktavo kaip Kanto kritin\u0117s filosofijos t\u0119sin\u012f ir u\u017ebaig\u0105. Jos u\u017edavinys buvo i\u0161spr\u0119sti tas problemas, kurias Kantas paliko atviras, pirmiausia filosofijos moksli\u0161kumo problem\u0105. Fichte tur\u0117jo tiksl\u0105 padaryti filosofij\u0105 ne bet kokiu mokslu, o moksl\u0173 mokslu, teikian\u010diu principus visiems kitiems atskiriems mokslams. Kad ji tapt\u0173 tokiu mokslu, pasak Ficht\u0117s, b\u016btinos trys s\u0105lygos: 1) filosofijai reikia suteikti sistemin\u0119 form\u0105, tod\u0117l ji turi b\u016bti grind\u017eiama vieninteliu bes\u0105lygi\u0161ku, i\u0161 jokio kito nei\u0161vestu pamatiniu teiginiu (arba principu); 2) tas teiginys turi b\u016bti patikimas savaime, be \u012frodymo, \u2013 tiesiog jis turi b\u016bti surastas; 3) per\u0117j\u0119s reikiamas logines patikrinimo proced\u016bras, jis turi sugr\u012f\u017eti \u012f pat\u012f save jau auk\u0161tesn\u0117s kokyb\u0117s ir tuo u\u017ebaigti mokslo pagrindim\u0105. Tolesnis etapas \u2013 login\u0117 pamatinio teiginio sklaida remiantis idealistiniu po\u017ei\u016briu, pripa\u017e\u012fstan\u010diu pirmine tiesiogin\u0119 duotyb\u0119 \u2013 laisvai, savaranki\u0161kai, spontani\u0161kai veikian\u010di\u0105, nuo daikt\u0173 pasaulio nepriklausom\u0105, save pa\u010di\u0105 kurian\u010di\u0105 \u017emogaus s\u0105mon\u0119. Tik laisvos s\u0105mon\u0117s \u017emogus gali pareik\u0161ti: A\u0161 esu A\u0161<\/em>. \u0160it\u0105 A\u0161 <\/em>Fichte padaro pagrindine savo mokslo teorijos s\u0105voka, jis yra ne kas kita, kaip bes\u0105lygi\u0161ko pamatinio teiginio modifikacija. Pamatinio teiginio, arba absoliutaus A\u0161<\/em>, sklaida turi pereiti tris fazes, kurios atkartoja tez\u0117s, antitez\u0117s ir sintez\u0117s proces\u0105 pa\u017einime ir kartu siejasi su tapatyb\u0117s, prie\u0161taravimo ir pakankamo pagrindo d\u0117sniais. \u0160i A\u0161 <\/em>veikla yra ciklinio pob\u016bd\u017eio. Per\u0117j\u0119s min\u0117tas tris sklaidos fazes, A\u0161 <\/em>tarsi sugr\u012f\u017eta \u012f save, kad v\u0117l pakartot\u0173 \u0161\u012f proces\u0105. Taip vyksta ir pa\u017einimo, kuris kaskart pl\u0117tojasi ir turt\u0117ja, procesas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ficht\u0117s filosofijoje toji A\u0161 <\/em>veikla i\u0161rei\u0161kia \u017emogaus s\u0105mon\u0117s aktyvum\u0105 ir k\u016brybi\u0161kum\u0105. Tai, k\u0105 s\u0105mon\u0117 savo vaizduot\u0117s galia sukuria, ji fiksuoja ir \u012fsis\u0105monina, t. y. tampa savimone. Visi s\u0105mon\u0117je vykstantys procesai neper\u017eengia s\u0105mon\u0117s rib\u0173, visi s\u0105mon\u0117s produktai, o ne i\u0161orinis daikt\u0173 pasaulis, pasak Ficht\u0117s, ir yra tikroji realyb\u0117. \u0160i filosofija vadinama subjektyviuoju idealizmu, ir kaip tokia ji i\u0161siskiria i\u0161 visos vokie\u010di\u0173 klasikin\u0117s filosofijos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kod\u0117l ir kaip vyksta s\u0105mon\u0117s veikla, kokie procesai joje klostosi, i\u0161samiai, o kartais ir labai painiai ai\u0161kinama \u0161ioje \u201eRinktin\u0117je\u201c spausdinamuose Ficht\u0117s traktatuose.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Leidimo metai \u00a0 \u00a0 2026<\/span>
\nVert\u0117 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 i\u0161 vokie\u010di\u0173 k. vert\u0117<\/span>
\n.<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Alfonsas Tekorius
\n<\/span>\u012eri\u0161imas \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 kietas<\/span>
\nPsl. skai\u010dius \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 432<\/span>
\nMatmenys \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 12,5×20 cm<\/span>
\nISBN \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 978-9986-09-538-5<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":8776,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[15],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-8775","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-filosofija","first","instock","featured","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-simple"],"yoast_head":"\nRINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105 - Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105 - Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Leidimo metai \u00a0 \u00a0 2026 Vert\u0117 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 i\u0161 vokie\u010di\u0173 k. vert\u0117 . \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Alfonsas Tekorius \u012eri\u0161imas \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 kietas Psl. skai\u010dius \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 432 Matmenys \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 12,5x20 cm ISBN \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 978-9986-09-538-5\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-25T14:12:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FICHTE_virselis.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"790\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1240\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/product\\\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/product\\\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\\\/\",\"name\":\"RINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105 - Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/product\\\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/product\\\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/FICHTE_virselis.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-25T14:02:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-25T14:12:34+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/product\\\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/product\\\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/product\\\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/FICHTE_virselis.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/FICHTE_virselis.jpg\",\"width\":790,\"height\":1240},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/product\\\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Prad\u017eia\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"RINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117\",\"description\":\"Filosofija, Gro\u017ein\u0117 literat\u016bra, Kalb\u0173 mokymasis, Mokslin\u0117s knygos, Psichologija\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.margirastai.lt\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"RINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105 - Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"RINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105 - Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117","og_description":"Leidimo metai \u00a0 \u00a0 2026 Vert\u0117 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 i\u0161 vokie\u010di\u0173 k. vert\u0117 . \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Alfonsas Tekorius \u012eri\u0161imas \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 kietas Psl. skai\u010dius \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 432 Matmenys \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 12,5x20 cm ISBN \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 978-9986-09-538-5","og_url":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/","og_site_name":"Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117","article_modified_time":"2026-02-25T14:12:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":790,"height":1240,"url":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FICHTE_virselis.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/","url":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/","name":"RINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105 - Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FICHTE_virselis.jpg","datePublished":"2026-02-25T14:02:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-25T14:12:34+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FICHTE_virselis.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FICHTE_virselis.jpg","width":790,"height":1240},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/product\/johann-gottlieb-fichte\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Prad\u017eia","item":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"RINKTIN\u0116 | Apie mokslo teorijos, arba vadinamosios filosofijos, savok\u0105. Bendrosios mokslo teorijos pagrindai. Apybrai\u017ea apie mokslo teorijos savitum\u0105"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/","name":"Leidyklos Margi ra\u0161tai knyg\u0173 parduotuv\u0117","description":"Filosofija, Gro\u017ein\u0117 literat\u016bra, Kalb\u0173 mokymasis, Mokslin\u0117s knygos, Psichologija","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/8775","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=8775"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=8775"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.margirastai.lt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=8775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}